Why Milano is a great base for exploring Northern Italy and the Southern Alps

Wouter Moekotte • 12 December 2025

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Milan, known as Milano in Italian, stands as one of Europe's most dynamic cities, blending ancient heritage with modern innovation. It’s Italy’s financial powerhouse. Situated in the heart of the Po Valley in Lombardy, northern Italy, Milan has long been a crossroads of cultures, empires, and ideas. From its Roman origins as Mediolanum—a key regional capital—to its role as a Renaissance powerhouse under the Sforza family and a center of the Risorgimento unification movement in the 19th century, Milan's history is deeply intertwined with that of northern Italy. Its strategic location, approximately 400 feet above sea level and nestled against the southern flanks of the Alps, positions it perfectly as a gateway to the region's diverse landscapes and historical treasures.

This article explores why Milan serves as an ideal base for cultural and historical explorations of northern Italy and the southern Alps, highlighting its connectivity, proximity to iconic sites, and the rich narratives that connect these areas. While Milan’s center within the ring road can be very expensive indeed there are reasonable deals to be found on the outskirts of town. Since these are well connected by metro or bus it makes sense to look for accommodation there. For long term stays consider the platform Idealista (available in English).

Lake Como village with mountains and flowering tree.

the enchanting city of Como with it’s large lake and easily accessible from Milano

Milan's Own Cultural and Historical Foundations

Before venturing outward, Milan's intrinsic cultural and historical allure provides a compelling starting point. The city itself is a living museum, where Gothic, Renaissance, and neoclassical architecture coexist with contemporary design. At its core is the Duomo di Milano , a magnificent cathedral begun in 1386 and completed over centuries, symbolizing the city's enduring ambition and artistic patronage. This Gothic masterpiece, with its intricate spires and marble facade, reflects influences from across Europe, including French and German styles, underscoring Milan's historical role as a trading hub.

Milan Cathedral facade and plaza with people and pigeons.

Nearby, the UNESCO-listed Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie houses Leonardo da Vinci' s The Last Supper (1495–1498), a pinnacle of Renaissance art that draws millions annually. This fresco not only showcases da Vinci's mastery but also ties into Milan's Sforza dynasty, who commissioned works from luminaries like Bramante and Michelangelo. The Teatro alla Scala, opened in 1778, represents the city's operatic legacy, hosting premieres by Verdi and Puccini, and embodying Italy's musical heritage. Milan's fashion and design districts, such as Quadrilatero della Moda, trace back to medieval guilds and the Industrial Revolution, evolving into global icons. These elements make Milan not just a stopover but a cultural anchor, offering insights into Lombard history—from Celtic settlements to Habsburg rule—that resonate throughout northern Italy.

The Last Supper painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Jesus and disciples sit around a table in a dimly lit room.

Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper

Milan as a transportation hub: Access to the region

One of Milan's greatest strengths is its unparalleled connectivity, making it effortless to explore beyond the city limits. With three major airports (Malpensa, Linate, and Bergamo-Orio al Serio), high-speed rail lines like Frecciarossa, and an extensive network of buses and regional trains, Milan functions as northern Italy's logistical heart. The Centrale and Garibaldi stations connect to destinations across Italy and into Switzerland, often in under two hours. This infrastructure echoes Milan's historical importance as a Roman road nexus and medieval trade center, facilitating cultural exchanges that shaped the region. Flixbus serves Bergamo airport frequently and while the airport is perhaps not the most convienent one it’s Italy’s third largest with low cost carriers flying in all directions.

Yellow tram on tracks in a European city street, surrounded by buildings.

From Milan, day trips or short excursions allow travelers to delve into northern Italy's mosaic of histories without relocating. The city's position in the Po Basin—surrounded by fertile plains to the south and alpine foothills to the north—enables quick transitions from urban sophistication to rural idylls. This accessibility is particularly valuable for those interested in cultural immersion, as it permits thematic journeys tracing Roman aqueducts, medieval fortresses, or Renaissance villas.

Exploring Northern Italy's Cultural and Historical Gems

Northern Italy's cultural tapestry, woven from Etruscan, Roman, Lombard, and Venetian influences, unfolds easily from Milan. The region's lakes, cities, and valleys offer a spectrum of historical narratives, all within a short journey.

The Majestic Lakes: Windows to Aristocratic and Natural Heritage

Lake Como, just 40 minutes by train or under an hour's drive, exemplifies northern Italy's romantic allure. This glacial lake, the third-largest in Italy, has been a retreat since Roman times, with Pliny the Younger owning villas here. Today, sites like Villa Carlotta (1745) showcase Baroque gardens and neoclassical art, reflecting 18th-century Enlightenment ideals. Bellagio and Varenna, with their cobblestone streets and medieval churches, highlight Lombard architecture and the area's role in silk production during the Middle Ages. The city of Como itself is charming albeit a bit pricey.

Wooden cabin on stilts over turquoise lake, mountains in background.

The Dolomites - not far from Milano

Further east, Lake Garda—reachable in about 90 minutes—blends Roman ruins like the Grotte di Catullo in Sirmione with Scaliger castles from the 13th century, evoking Verona's medieval power struggles. Lake Maggiore, an hour away, features the Borromean Islands with Renaissance palaces and botanical gardens, tied to the influential Borromeo family who shaped Milan's ecclesiastical history.

These lakes not only provide stunning vistas but also cultural depth, illustrating how northern Italy's waterways facilitated trade, invasions, and artistic patronage from antiquity to the Risorgimento.

Historic cities and towns: layers of Italian legacy

Bergamo , a 50-minute drive or train ride, offers a stark contrast with its Città Alta (Upper City), a UNESCO-listed medieval stronghold encircled by 16th-century Venetian walls. Its Romanesque Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore and Renaissance chapels narrate the region's transition from Lombard duchies to Venetian rule, with frescoes depicting biblical and local folklore. More to the west of Milano is the picturesque town of Varese including its Unesco world heritage park of sculptures, arches and churches.

Red-roofed village nestled in green hills, overlooking a vast, forested landscape under a hazy sky.

Varese

Verona , about 90 minutes away, is synonymous with Shakespeare's *Romeo and Juliet*, but its Arena—a 1st-century Roman amphitheater—hosts operas, linking back to imperial spectacles. Parma (under two hours) delves into culinary history with its Romanesque cathedral and the production of prosciutto and Parmigiano-Reggiano, rooted in medieval monastic traditions.

Verona cityscape with a bridge over a river on a sunny day.

Verona

Even Venice (under three hours by high-speed train) and Turin (one hour) are feasible, offering Byzantine-influenced mosaics and Baroque palaces, respectively, that highlight northern Italy's diverse sovereignties—from the Republic of Venice to the Savoy kingdom. Cremona , over an hour's drive, preserves a 900-year violin-making tradition, with the Museo del Violino displaying Stradivari instruments, connecting to Milan's musical heritage. Lastly, Genua is a great day trip from Milano too with excellent train connectivity.

Colorful buildings clustered on a hillside overlooking the water. Sunny day with clear blue sky.

Port city of Genua is a real heaven for foodies

Venturing into the Southern Alps: alpine cultures and historical frontiers

The southern Alps, encompassing the Italian foothills and valleys bordering Switzerland, provide a dramatic extension of Milan's exploratory radius. This region, accessible via trains or drives in one to two hours, merges natural grandeur with profound historical layers.

From Milan, the Bernina Express train offers a scenic route into the Swiss Alps, passing through Valtellina—a valley with terraced vineyards dating to Roman times and medieval castles like Castel Grumello. This area was a strategic Alpine pass during the Holy Roman Empire and Napoleonic wars, with trails following ancient Roman roads. The Stelvio National Park, reachable in about three hours, features WWI trenches and glaciers, evoking the "White War" fought in high altitudes. We’re close here to the autonomic region of Süd Tirol, an economically strong region (apples!) which feels more like Austria and Italy.

Winding mountain road with hairpin turns; landscape includes snow-covered peaks and a valley.

the Stelvio pass

Closer to Milano, the Orobie Alps near Bergamo include prehistoric rock engravings at Val Camonica, a UNESCO site with over 300,000 petroglyphs from 8,000 BCE, illustrating early Alpine societies. Hiking in the Dolomites (eastern extensions, about three hours away) reveals Ladin culture, with museums on Tyrolean history and WWII resistance.

These Alpine excursions from Milan highlight themes of resilience and cultural fusion—Celtic, Roman, and Germanic influences—that parallel the city's own multicultural evolution, offering opportunities for hiking amid historic fortresses or skiing near ancient abbeys.

Conclusion

Milan's allure as a base lies in its harmonious blend of urban accessibility and regional proximity, allowing travelers to weave together northern Italy's and the southern Alps' historical threads—from Roman foundations to Renaissance splendor and Alpine frontiers. Whether tracing da Vinci's legacy to lakeside villas or medieval walls to mountain passes, Milan facilitates a comprehensive cultural journey without the hassle of constant relocation. In an era where sustainable travel emphasizes depth over distance, Milan embodies efficiency and enrichment, inviting explorers to uncover the layered histories that define this vibrant corner of Europe.

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by Wouter Moekotte 31 December 2025
Poland is a country where medieval cities, dramatic history, natural beauty, and modern culture come together. Located in Central Europe, Poland offers travelers an affordable, safe, and richly rewarding experience—from fairy-tale old towns and UNESCO World Heritage sites to mountain trails, Baltic beaches, and vibrant nightlife. Poland has developed strongly economically in the last decade. It’s Europe’s fifth largest populated country and has a very solid manufacturing industry. Particularly food processing as well as packaging and there are many small & midsized logistical companies. Tourism is on the rise but still lagging behind the Czech republic or Austria. Poland is part of the European Union and the Schengen Area , making it easy to combine with trips to neighboring countries like Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, and Lithuania. Summer tends to be the favorite time to visit the country. Best Time to Visit Spring (April–June): Mild weather, blooming parks, fewer crowds Summer (July–August): Warmest season, festivals, outdoor cafés (busiest time) Autumn (September–October): Beautiful fall colors, cooler temperatures Winter (December–February): Snowy landscapes, Christmas markets, ski season in the south Ideal for most travelers: May–June or September Top Destinations Kraków – Cultural Capital One of Europe’s most beautiful historic cities. Especially in summer it’s very welcoming and pleasant although it can be hot. It tends to be very touristy as well. Use Guruwalk or Getyourguide to book walking tours and learn more about the city. Highlights: Rynek Główny (Europe’s largest medieval square) Wawel Castle and Cathedral Kazimierz (historic Jewish Quarter) Nearby Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Wieliczka Salt Mine (UNESCO site) Best for: History lovers, culture, architecture Warsaw – Modern & Historic Poland’s capital blends resilience and reinvention. The city has developed a lot in the past decade and is no longer very affordable - but there’s a rich, diverse restaurant offering. Highlights: Old Town (meticulously reconstructed after WWII) Royal Castle Łazienki Park & Palace on the Water POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews Thriving food, bar, and music scenes Best for: Museums, modern culture, city life Gdańsk – Baltic Beauty A colorful port city with maritime heritage. Highlights: Long Market (Długi Targ) Neptune’s Fountain Amber Museum WWII Museum Nearby beaches in Sopot and Gdynia (Tri-City area) Best for: Coastal charm, history, relaxed pace Zakopane & Tatra Mountains Poland’s mountain escape near the Slovak border. Highlights: Hiking in Tatra National Park Morskie Oko alpine lake Traditional wooden architecture Skiing in winter Highland (Górale) culture and food Best for: Nature, hiking, skiing Wrocław – City of Bridges & Dwarfs A lively city with a whimsical side. It’s also a large student university city with a very low unemployment rate. This is also thanks to several multinational companies having set up activities near the city. It’s well connected to Berlin and Prague. Highlights: Market Square Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island) Over 100 small dwarf statues hidden around the city Vibrant student atmosphere Best for: Photography, nightlife, charm Poznań – Birthplace of Poland Historic and youthful. Highlights: Renaissance Old Town Town Hall goats show at noon Strong food scene Important early Polish history Natural Attractions Białowieża Forest: Europe’s last primeval forest, home to wild bison Masurian Lake District: Kayaking, sailing, peaceful countryside Baltic Sea Coast: Sandy beaches, dunes (Łeba, Świnoujście) Ojców National Park: Cliffs, caves, castles near Kraków Polish Cuisine: What to Eat Polish food is hearty, comforting, and flavorful. Must-try dishes: Pierogi (dumplings) Bigos (hunter’s stew) Żurek (sour rye soup) Kotlet schabowy (breaded pork cutlet) Gołąbki (stuffed cabbage rolls) Oscypek (smoked mountain cheese) Desserts: Pączki (Polish doughnuts) Sernik (cheesecake) Makowiec (poppy seed cake) Drinks: Polish vodka (Żubrówka, Chopin) Craft beer (rapidly growing scene) Getting Around Transportation Trains: Reliable, affordable, extensive network. The fast train between Krakow and Warsaw is a breeze and very convenient. Buses: Often cheaper, good for smaller towns. The connections with Flixbus between the major cities are excellent and affordable. Domestic Flights: Limited but useful for long distances Car Rental: Ideal for countryside exploration Cities Walkable city centers Excellent public transport (trams, buses, metro in Warsaw) Costs & Budget Poland is one of Europe’s best-value destinations . Approximate daily budget: Budget traveler: €40–60 Mid-range traveler: €70–120 Luxury traveler: €150+ Meals, accommodations, and attractions are generally cheaper than Western Europe. Language & Communication Language: Polish English widely spoken among younger people and in tourist areas Learning basic phrases is appreciated: Dzień dobry – Hello Dziękuję – Thank you Proszę – Please / You’re welcome Safety & Practical Tips Very safe for travelers Watch for pickpockets in crowded tourist areas Currency: Polish Złoty (PLN) (not Euro) Cards widely accepted Tipping: Optional but appreciated (5–10%) Cultural Etiquette Dress modestly in churches Remove hats indoors Poles may seem reserved initially but are warm and helpful Respect historical sites, especially WWII memorials In short, why Visit Poland? Poland offers: Deep and moving history Stunning architecture Diverse landscapes Authentic culture Excellent value for money
Aerial view of Amman, Jordan, showing city buildings and ruins on a hill under a blue sky.
by Wouter Moekotte 27 December 2025
Jordan is a captivating Middle Eastern gem that blends ancient history, stunning natural landscapes, and warm hospitality. From the rose-red city of Petra to the otherworldly deserts of Wadi Rum and the buoyant waters of the Dead Sea, it's a destination that rewards adventurers, history buffs, and relaxation seekers alike. With a rich cultural tapestry influenced by Nabateans, Romans, and Bedouins, Jordan offers immersive experiences like hiking ancient trails, floating in mineral-rich seas, or savoring aromatic spices in bustling souks. As of late 2025, tourism is rebounding strongly, with improved infrastructure and eco-friendly initiatives in places like the Dana Biosphere Reserve. This guide covers everything you need for a memorable trip, including practical tips on arrival and navigation.
Rugged coastline with cliffs and green fields meeting the blue ocean under a cloudy sky.
by Wouter Moekotte 25 December 2025
The Azores , an autonomous region of Portugal , is a stunning archipelago of nine volcanic islands scattered in the mid-Atlantic Ocean, about 1,500 km west of Lisbon and roughly 2,400 km from New York. Often called the "Hawaii of Europe" for its dramatic landscapes, lush greenery, crater lakes, hot springs, and volcanic peaks, the islands offer a mix of adventure, relaxation, and cultural immersion. Divided into three groups—Eastern (São Miguel, Santa Maria), Central (Terceira, Pico, Faial, São Jorge, Graciosa), and Western (Flores, Corvo)—each island has its own unique character, from São Miguel's verdant hills and tea plantations to Pico's towering volcano and UNESCO-listed vineyards. With a mild subtropical climate, biodiverse ecosystems (including 10% protected reserves), and activities like whale watching, hiking, and thermal bathing, the Azores appeal to nature lovers, hikers, and eco-tourists seeking an off-the-beaten-path European destination.
Ljubljana, Slovenia cityscape with red-tiled roofs, churches, and Ljubljana Castle atop a hill.
by Wouter Moekotte 22 December 2025
Slovenia , a compact European gem nestled between the Alps, the Adriatic Sea, and the Pannonian Plain, offers a diverse mix of stunning landscapes, vibrant cities, and rich cultural heritage. Bordering Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, it's known for its emerald rivers, alpine peaks, medieval towns, and UNESCO-listed sites. With a population of about 2 million, Slovenia is eco-friendly, safe, and affordable, making it ideal for nature lovers, adventure seekers, and cultural explorers. Its capital, Ljubljana, blends historic charm with modern vibrancy, while highlights like Lake Bled and the Soča Valley showcase its natural beauty. As of 2025, tourism continues to grow, emphasizing sustainable practices. The country is obsessed with sports, exercising in the great outdoors is very much a national hobby. And who doesn’t know world’s greatest cyclist Tadej Pogacar? He learned the ropes in his mountainous home country. Soccer and ski jumping are also popular. For visitors hiking is lovely and there’s so many trails in the forests or higher up in the Julian Alps.
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